ANALYSIS OF ENERGY INPUTS AND OUTPUTS IN PAKISTAN AGRICULTURE-PART I

Abstract

This study investigates the pattern of energy consumption and its relationship with crop production in Pakistan from 1981-82 to 2005-06. The study period was divided into five phases of five years each. The inputs of energy included human and animal labour, machinery, electricity, fuels, fertilizers, and seeds of 13 commonly grown crops in Pakistan. Energy values were calculated by multiplying the amount of input and output by their energy equivalent. The results indicated the output/input ratio in phase I was higher than other phases after wards due to higher use of energy inputs compared to energy outputs. Total energy input raised from 226 × 1015 J in phase I to 387 × 1015 J in phase V. On the other hand total output raised from 758 × 1015 J in phase I to 1191 × 1015 J in phase V. As a consequence output-input ratio was 3.35 in phase I and 3.08 in phase V. This result indicates that the demand for commercial energy will increase with the passage of time in Pakistan. Availability and use of fossil fuels (a key input in commercial energy) has been and will continue to be an important factor in improving the productivity of agricultural system in Pakistan.