EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF PRIVATE TUTORING AS AN EXTRA BURDEN ON THE PARENTS IN PUNJAB PAKISTAN

Farrukh Kamran; Ayesha Afzal; Shahid Rafiq

Farrukh Kamran Research Associate, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, GERMANY
Ayesha Afzal Assistant Professor, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Shahid Rafiq Manager Outcome Based Education, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Keywords: Private Tutoring, Financial Burden, Education System, Inadequacies

Abstract

The private tutoring has become a widespread phenomenon in Punjab, Pakistan. The study examines the growth of private tutoring in Punjab, Pakistan, and its impact on parents' financial burden and credibility of the education system. Study followed an interpretive paradigm. The research design used for this study was phenomenological approach The research involves semi-structured interviews with 50 parents, and qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data. NVivo-14 software was used to identify the themes form data. The findings show that private tutoring is driven by the inadequacies of the public education system, peer pressure, and the perception of private tutoring as competitive advantage. However, parents perceive the financial burden of private tutoring as a significant concern. The results offered significant information for reaching the desired leading conclusion followed by certain recommendations. The study recommends that the government address the inadequacies of the public education system, regulate private tutoring, and enhance professional development of teachers.

Author Biographies

Farrukh Kamran, Research Associate, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, GERMANY

¹Resrach Associate, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany

Ayesha Afzal, Assistant Professor, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

²Assistant Professor, University of Management and Technology, Lahore Pakistan